An automobile (of the Greek solemnity (own) and of the Latin mobilis (mobility), as reference to a responsible objecto for its own locomoção) it is a motorized vehicle, generally destined to the passengers' transport or merchandise. The definition embraces to all the vehicles with moved self-propulsion the combustion, that it can be generated by alcohol, gasoline, gas, diesel, electricity or hybrid, with the purpose of passengers' transport and load.
The automobile of the days today disposes, typically, of a combustion motor it interns, of two or four times, propulsionado the gasoline or diesel. However, its constitution owes to countless inventions in several arts and sciences, as the physics, mathematics, design, etc.
In the legal context, the circulation automobile meets defined for the highway code that can vary among countries. For example, in Brazil, the automobile meets defined in the Enclosed I of the Code of Brazilian Traffic as a transport vehicle up to 8 passengers, excluded the driver and whose weight doesn't exceed 3500 kg. The Celtic originated from the project Blue Macaw (Macaw-blue) of the assembler Chevrolet, Brazilian division of GM. The maker's proposal initial was to produce a car accessible to the less wealthy demographic layers with attractive lines and low maintenance cost. Its creator was the planner Paulo Konno designer of GM of Brazil. The model was thrown in 2000 in the factory of Gravataí in the State of Big Rio of the South. The inauguration of the factory counted until then with the presence of the president Fernando Henrique Cardoso. The vehicle pleased the Brazilian consumer. One year after its release in 2001 100 thousand units of the small car had already been marketed. Until December of 2005 600 thousand units had been marketed. For an automobile of small load the Celtic comes out very well in the urban traffic, because besides small it is an economic, practical car and they have an interesting acting for an automobile of 1000 cylinder capacities that weighs around 800 kg. One of its main defects, is the poor interior. To PUMA it went the Brazilian mark to produce the largest number of sporting automobiles, the most well-known models are: Puma GT, Puma GTE (this is the model that was produced in larger amount) and Puma GTB. It used in its automobiles mechanics Volkswagen (4 cylinders), General Motors (6 cylinders) and DKW (3 cylinders). There were still trucks of small it carries Puma.
It established a concept that used up to 1985: to project and to manufacture chassis in glass fiber, to set up this chassis on platform of walk vehicle, with motor and suspension modified for better acting and to join a compatible finish with a car of sporting proposal. Emblem of the mark Puma in chassis produced between 1968 and 1973 to Enlarge Emblem of the mark Puma in chassis produced between 1968 and 1973 This concept, besides maintaining the automobile in production for 20 years, made possible the a maker's Brazilian of automobiles creation and caminhõe THE model sedan (American terminology) it is one of the configurations more common of the modern automobiles, generally tends a compartment for four passengers, that is located among the capô that protects the motor, and the external trunk, that differentiates it of the model hatchback.
The model sedan is also known as three volumes. Volkswagen Gol or Goal is simply an automobile of Volkswagen manufactured in Brazil and marketed at several countries under several designations (not to confuse with Golf, other model of Volkswagen).
The Goal was thrown in 1980 to happen, in parts, Fusca and Brasília. In fact, in spite of costing more expensive than Fusca, he became the Brazilian car more sold in the year of 1987 and ever since he never stopped being the car more sold in the year. This position had been occupied by Fusca up to 1981.
The chassis of the Goal had been based on the drawing of Scirocco, format hatchback. The sporting intention of this chassis had as consequence a very low roof for the passengers of behind.
He used the same motor of Fusca, a 1300 refrigerated the air with the option of being moved the gasoline or alcohol. Therefore then, the version was thrown with motor 1600, also refrigerated to air, due to the constant complaints of lack of potency of the Goal. This detail had done a failure of sales of the Goal in the occasion of the release.
Starting from 1984 the Gol GT was thrown with motor 1.8 of called Santana AP-800 (High Performance).
In 1985 it started to use the refrigerated motor 1600 the water of called Passat parallel MD 270 to the refrigerated to air that was in the version basic called Gol BX. When the Goal started to use the refrigerated motor the water, the steppe, that was with the motor, it was placed in the trunk, leaving it minuscule. Thus, the Goal in spite of being longer than Fiat Unites, had very less space inside.
In 1987 the line received alterations in the drawing and the Gol GT was substituted by the Gol GTS with alterations in the 1.8, that started to have only the alcohol as option, because the potency is larger with this fuel. Interesting the fact of Volkswagen to insist that the Gol GTS just had 99cv of potency in spite of estimates they indicate that he had between 105cv and 110cv. If Volkswagen admitted the largest potency, the car it would be rated with larger tax, of there the fact of the motor to have the such low nominal potency.
The Goal inaugurated the era of the electronic injection in Brazil with the Gol GTi in 1989. The motor 2.0 (AP-2000), only the gasoline, had 112cv and, ally to a compact chassis, he became also the faster Brazilian car. On this year the Goal lost the motor AP-600, considered one of the best motors already manufactured in Brazil, to use another 1.6 CHT of Ford—that became called of AE-1600 (High Economy)—because of the union with this maker. In spite of having decreased the consumption, above all in the version to alcohol, the Goal was much less potent.
The old 1.6 were used in 1993 again, year in that the motor 1.0 was adopted. Due to the fiscal incentive, the Goal with motor 1.0 became the more sold by being much cheaper.
The space problems were almost totally solved in 1994 when it totally adopted a chassis new, more modern (Geração II). Comparing with the old Goal, whose more chassis seemed a box, he was well rounder, winning like this, Gol Ball's nickname.
In 1999 it was made a subtler change in the chassis, that was nicknamed of Gol Geração III.
In 2003: the motor 1.6 the first car of Brazil that started to consume alcohol, gasoline or the mixture of the two was. This technology bicombustível (Total-flex) it turned fashion and all the Brazilian cars almost started to adopt it.
In 2006 THE Goal suffers alterations: new, front, back, new panel (following the tendency of the automobiles “of entrance” of the mark), internal finish and higher suspenção, the like this called Geração IV or G4. The reductions of the costs are evident.
In 2008 the next generation of the Goal should have arrived to the market. Possibly they will be the largest alterations from its release. The main alteration should have been the adoption of the front part of the platform of Fox altering like this the position of the motor of longitudinal for traverse, starting from this it will be possible a complete reestilização of the chassis. This alteration will give end the largest it criticizes to the model, that is the position of the motor and it had facilitated an increase in the internal space.
The Goal won other chassis. In 1981 the sedã Voyage was thrown. In 1982 it went to time of the picape Saveiro. The perua Parati was thrown in 1983. In 1997 finally became sold with 4 doors after a lot of expectation.
The Goal won the external market from its release when it was exported for Paraguay and Nigeria. Ever since it became sold in dozens of countries standing out China where it is also manufactured. In some countries it adopted other designations like Pointer, in Mexico. Automobile manufactured by Italian FIAT, it was presented for the first time in the Cabo Canaveral, Florida (USA), stage chosen to present to the press on January 20, 1983 its first world car, idealized to substitute the 127 (147 in Brazil).
Necessary before its predecessor's aging, thrown in 1971, I Unite it it arrived to combat the Japanese invasion in its segment of small cars. The project began in the end of the seventies with two studies, the 143 drawn by the team of Pier Giorgio Tronville, of the Centro Stile Fiat and the 144 for Giorgio Giugiaro's Italdesign.

It was a car of simple and modern concept, with traverse motor, front traction and suspension McPherson with helical spring ahead. In the back torsion axis was used, also with helical spring. Chosen Car of the Year in Europe for a jury of 53 journalists in the same year of its release, soon it won new versions. Already in May the motor came to diesel of 1,3 liter and 45 cv; in October the conceptual version was presented Unite-matic 70, with transmission of continuous variation (CVT), that would become just available in 1987 in I Unite it Selecta.
In April of 1985 he/she was born him I Unite I Darken i.e., in that the motor of 1,3 liter (1.299 cm3, and that later would have a motor of 1.301 cm3) it received turbocompressor and electronic injection, generating 105 cv. It was offered with digital panel and brakes to disk in the four wheels. In June he/she appeared the motor Fire, of production totally automated, with 1,0 liter (999 cm3 and 45 cv)--a relative than now it exists now in Brazil. The following year was thrown it I Unite 70 Turbodiesel, with motor of 1.367 cm3 and similar external finish to the of the I Darken i.e. The diesel of natural aspiration was offered with 1,7 liter (1.697 cm3 and 58 cv).
In 1987 I Darken it i.e. it won catalyst and, one year then, brakes with system antitravamento (ABS in English: Anti Block Sistem). It also appeared a 75 i.e., with 1,5 liter (1.498 cm3, injection and 75 cv). In September of 1989 I Unite it it received wide reestilização, with a capô in it coins accentuated, lights of lower profile, it covers back more salient and round and new lanterns. Cx lowered for 0,30 and the interior brought more modern panel and won in finish and construction quality.
The motors now were the old 903, Fires of 1,0 liter and 1,1 liter (999 and 1.108 cm3 this of 56 cv), a 1,4 liter (1.372 of 71 cv) and the acquaintance 1,5 liter (1.498cm3). I Darken it i.e. it passed to 1.372 cm3 and 118 cv and the diesels they stayed, with the addition of one of natural aspiration of 1,9 liter (1.929 cm3 and 60 cv) the following year. That Unites he/she had numerous versions and special series, as Suite (with leather banks and air conditioning), Hobby, Rap, Rap Up, Formulates, Estivale, Cosy, Seaside, Targa and Pride. The fastest was it I Darken i.e. Racing, 1992, with solar roof, adjustable banks in height, tires 175/60 and acceleration of 0 to 100 km/h in 8,4 s.
The Italian production of the I Unite it was contained in 1995, two years after the release of Punto, with a total of 6.032.911 manufactured units. But it stayed in Poland, with motors of 999 cm3 (45 cv), 1.372 cm3 (69 cv) and diesel of 1.697 cm3, that were added in 2000 to the of 899 cm3 and just 39 cv. They also continued in production him three-volumes Dune (Prize) in Argentina, with motor 1.297 of 72 cv, and I Unite it in Brazil. Chevrolet Monza was a vehicle manufactured by GM (General Motors of Brazil) among the years 1982 and 1996. It was derived of Opel German Ascona.
It should not be confused with Chevrolet Monza produced in United States in the decade of 1970, a larger car. For three serial years (1984, 1985 and 1986) it was the car more sold at the country and, also, elect the car of the year for the magazine " Autoesporte " in 1983, 1987 and 1988.
It was manufactured with motors of 1,6, 1,8 and 2,0 liters, including sporting version (S/R). In 1991 it received a reestilização, only in the world, and in 1993/1994 the version was thrown Hi-Tech, of just 500 units, that it included ítens as digital panel and brakes series ABS. The total production was of 857.810 units. A car that marked revolution in the art of the comfort and acting.
Pacificamente lived together with Chevrolet Vectra of first generation, from the release of this, up to 1996, when Vectra arrived to the second generation at Brazil, forcing the retirement definitva of Monza. Chevrolet Chevette was a car of General Motors thrown in Brazil in 1973 as a sedan of two and (later) four doors, this last one not very sold. Chevette also had versions hatchback and station wagon, this call of Marajó, both with two doors. He/she also had a pickup, Chevy 500 (only existent in the third generation). It was equipped with motors of 1,0 (only the junior 1.0), 1,4 and 1.6 (simple carburetion or double ´´S´´) liter, the gasoline and to alcohol.
The last unit of Chevette in Brazil left the factory on November 12, 1993. However, it is common to find them rotating for the streets, once a model that reached an expressive number of sales was (about 1,6 million units) and it demonstrated to be quite robust, snatching a legion of fans. Corsa of second generation became its successor in Brazil.
Trivia: it is Worth to notice that Chevette introduced in Brazil is essentially Opel Kadett generation " C ", sold in Europe. It is counted that GM didn't throw the car with that name in Brazil fearing some problem type or association then with the military government effective in the country. Years then, in 1989, Chevette would come to coexist with Kadett " AND " (thrown in Europe in 1984) in Brazil.